Electricity without Wire -''WITRICITY''

WiTricity, a portmanteau for "wireless electricity", is a trademark of WiTricity corporation referring to their devices and processes which use a form of wireless energy transfer including resonant energy transfer etc., the ability to provide electrical energy to remote objects without wires using oscillating magnetic fields.The term WiTricity was used for a project that took place at MIT, led by Prof. Marin Soljačić in 2007.Technical background Overview WiTricity is based on strong coupling between electromagnetic resonant objects to transfer energy wirelessly between them. This differs from other methods like simple induction,

microwaves, or air ionization. The system consists of transmitters and receivers that contain magnetic loop antennas critically tuned to the same

frequency. Due to operating in the electromagnetic near field, the receiving devices must be no more than about a quarter wavelength from the transmitter (which is a few meters at the frequency used by the example system). In their first paper, the group also simulated GHz dielectric resonators. The WiTricity devices are coupled almost entirely with magnetic fields (the electric fields are largely confined within capacitors inside the devices), which is argued to make them safer than resonant energy transfer using electric fields (most famously in Tesla coils, whose high electric fields allow them to be used as lightning generators), since most materials couple weakly to magnetic fields (Kurs, 2007). The WiTricity devices are also claimed to be unusual in that they support efficient energy transfer for "mid-range" distances several times larger than the diameter of the resonant objects (Karalis, 2007). Unlike the far field wireless power transmission systems based ontraveling electro-magnetic waves, WiTricity employs near field resonant inductive coupling through magnetic fields similar to those found in transformers except that the primary coil and secondary winding arephysically separated, and tuned to resonate to increase their magnetic coupling. These tuned magnetic fields generated by the primary coil can be arranged to interact vigorously with matched secondary windings in distant equipment but far more weakly with any surrounding objects or materials such as radio signals or biological tissue. 

        In particular, WiTricity is based on using 'strongly-coupled' resonances to achieve a high power transmission efficiency. Aristeidis Karalis, referring to the team's experimental demonstration, says that "the usual non-resonant magnetic induction would be almost 1 million times less efficient in this particular system". The researchers suggest that the exposure levels will be below the threshold for FCC safety regulations, and the radiated-power levels will also comply with the FCC radio interference regulations. Researchers attribute the delay indeveloping wireless-power technology to limitations of well- known physical laws and a simple lack of need. Only recently have modern

Consumers obtained a high number of portable electronic devices which currently require batteries and plug-in chargers.Experimental demonstration The MIT researchers successfully demonstrated the ability to power a

60 watt light bulb wirelessly, using two 5-turn copper coils of 60 cm (24 in) diameter, that were 2 m (7 ft) away, at roughly 45% efficiency.The coils were designed to resonate together at 9.9 MHz (= wavelength ca. 30 m) and were oriented along the same axis. One was connected inductively to a power source, and the other one to a bulb. The setup powered the bulb on, even when the direct line of sight was blocked using a wooden panel. Currently, researchers have been able to power a 60 watt light bulb at roughly 90% efficiency at a distance of 3 feet. The emerging technology was demonstrated by Eric Giler, CEO of the US firm WiTricity, at the TED Global Conference held at Oxford in July 2009.In this demonstration, Giler shows a WiTricity power unit powering a television as well as three different cell phones, the initial problem which inspired Soljacic to get involved with the project. Radiation levels The company's FAQ claims that it uses a "non-radiative mode of energy transfer, relying instead on the magnetic near field. Magnetic fields interact very weakly with biological organisms—people and animals—and are scientifically regarded to be safe."

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